Core Principles of Factory Ventilation Design

 

1. Optimization of Ventilation Structure Layout

Reasonably planning the locations and areas of air inlets and outlets is the key to natural ventilation design. The thermal pressure effect formed by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the factory is the main driving force, while the wind pressure effect is only supplementary due to the variable environment . Air inlets should avoid being blocked by surrounding buildings, and the intake area should be no less than the exhaust area to maintain airflow balance. It is recommended to install high - side exhaust windows below the eaves to prevent rainwater from seeping in and reduce the obstruction of the structure to the airflow.

 

2. Equipment Selection and Function Adaptation

Select ventilation equipment according to the workshop area, heat source distribution, and production characteristics. For example, in high - temperature workshops, negative - pressure fans can be preferentially used to accelerate the discharge of hot air and pollutants, and combined with water curtain walls or high - pressure sprays to achieve cooling. For large - scale factories, large industrial fans can promote air circulation, while the environmental protection air - conditioning system is suitable for scenarios where both temperature and humidity control are required.

 

3. Design of Dynamic Ventilation System

Combine negative - pressure ventilation with air convection to form an efficient airflow path. Negative - pressure fans should be installed in areas with high temperature and concentrated exhaust gases to force out the polluted air and introduce fresh external airflow at the same time. For multi - storey factories, the hierarchical layout of the main air duct and branch air ducts can be used to accurately adjust the ventilation intensity in different areas.

 

4. Synergistic Strategy of Cooling and Ventilation

In high - temperature seasons, ventilation design needs to be linked with cooling measures. For example, install square environmental protection ventilation devices on the roof, or set up a water curtain system on the outer wall to reduce the air temperature through evaporative heat absorption. In addition, sunshades can reduce direct sunlight, lower the indoor heat load, and indirectly improve ventilation efficiency.

 

 

Practical Methods to Improve Factory Ventilation Effect

 

1. Roof Ventilation System

Installing fans on the roof is one of the most economical solutions, especially suitable for workshops with light flue gas. The height of the skylight needs to be controlled within a reasonable range (usually no more than 8 meters) to avoid insufficient air intake caused by excessive elevation.

 

2. Relay - type Mechanical Ventilation

In long - span factories, arranging relay fans at intervals can enhance air flow, but attention should be paid to equipment noise and energy consumption. It is recommended to use them selectively in non - continuous operation areas and match with frequency conversion technology to reduce operating costs.

 

3. Combination of Wall Air Supply and Exhaust

Install air supply and exhaust fans on the side walls or windows to form a directional airflow. The air volume demand needs to be calculated during the design to ensure that the air exchange rate meets the standard (generally, industrial factories need to reach 10 - 15 times per hour). This method is suitable for workshops with a lot of dust, but the filter screens need to be regularly maintained to prevent blockage.

 

4. Airflow Path Planning

Fresh air should enter from low - temperature and clean areas (such as the shaded side or near the green belt), flow through the staff work area, and then be exhausted from above the high - temperature equipment. Avoid direct airflow hitting employees. The direction can be adjusted through deflectors to improve comfort.

 

5. Intelligent Control System

Integrate temperature and humidity sensors with automation equipment to adjust the fan speed and spray intensity in real - time. For example, when the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, the dependence on mechanical ventilation can be reduced, and the natural thermal pressure effect can be preferentially used for energy - saving operation.

 

 

 

Implementation Precautions

- Space Reservation: In the initial stage of design, space for installation and maintenance of ventilation equipment should be reserved to avoid difficulties in later transformation.

- Environment Adaptation: Corrosion - resistant fans should be selected for high - humidity workshops, and explosion - proof equipment should be used for chemical factories.

- Effect Monitoring: Regularly detect the indoor air quality (such as PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, etc.) and optimize the equipment parameters in time.

 

Through scientific design of the ventilation system, enterprises can not only improve the working environment and protect the health of employees, but also reduce energy consumption costs and improve production continuity. In practical applications, the plan needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the factory structure, climate conditions, and production process to ensure the maximum ventilation effect.