Industrial exhaust systems are core facilities for ensuring the safety and environmental protection of the production environment. Through scientific design, they achieve the directional emission of harmful substances and the management of air circulation. This article will systematically analyze their functions, design elements, and energy - saving optimization schemes, providing practical references for factory planning.

 

I. Core Functions and Application Values

1. Pollutant Removal

Efficiently remove dust, chemical fumes, high - temperature gases, and volatile organic compounds generated during the production process to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the workshop. Through directional collection devices, the pollutant concentration can be controlled within the occupational exposure limit.

 

2. Air Circulation Regulation

While exhausting polluted air, the system can be linked with a fresh air device to achieve air replacement and maintain the balance of temperature and humidity in the workshop. Data shows that a scientifically designed ventilation system can increase the air exchange efficiency in the working area by more than 40%.

 

3. Environmental Compliance Assurance

An exhaust system equipped with a multi - stage filtration device can intercept more than 99% of PM2.5 particulate matter. Combined with a chemical neutralization module, it ensures that the emitted gases meet the national comprehensive emission standards for air pollutants.

 

II. Key Elements of System Design

1. Safety Protection Design

Preferentially use explosion - proof fans and flame - retardant air duct materials. Install concentration monitoring interlocking devices in special workshops such as chemical and painting workshops. When the VOCs concentration reaches 25% of the lower explosive limit, the emergency emission procedure will be automatically activated.

 

2. Energy - Efficiency Balance Configuration

Adopt the design of variable - cross - section air ducts and combine with intelligent air volume adjustment technology to keep the system operating at an efficiency of more than 85% in the 60% - 100% load range. It is recommended to give priority to EC centrifugal fans, which can save 30% more energy than traditional fans.

 

3. Full - Cycle Cost Control

Reserve modular expansion interfaces during the initial construction. It is recommended to design the width of the maintenance passage to be more than 1.5 times the diameter of the pipeline. Data analysis shows that a reasonable layout can reduce the later maintenance cost by 22%.

 

4. Building Integration Scheme

Use BIM technology for three - dimensional simulation and integrate the design of the main air duct routing with the building structure beams and columns. It is recommended to use landscaping treatment for outdoor exhaust ports and achieve visual integration through grille decoration or vertical greening.

 

III. Comparison of Mainstream System Types

1. Fixed - Point Collection System

Suitable for fixed stations such as welding and cutting. It is recommended to keep an effective distance of 15 - 30 cm between the dust hood and the pollution source, and control the wind speed to be no less than 0.5 m/s. The advantage is that the collection efficiency can reach 95%, making it suitable for high - concentration emission sources.

 

2. Overall Replacement System

A negative - pressure environment is created by a group of roof fans. It is recommended to adopt the air flow organization of supplying air from below and exhausting air from above, and set a primary - effect filter at the fresh air inlet. The air exchange rate of this system can reach 8 - 12 times per hour, making it suitable for foundry and heat - treatment workshops.

 

3. Composite Intelligent System

An intelligent control system integrated with Internet of Things sensors can automatically switch the operation mode according to the pollutant concentration in the area. Practical cases show that this system can reduce the ineffective air volume transportation by 40% and has a significant comprehensive energy - saving effect.

 

IV. Practical Schemes for Energy - Efficiency Improvement

• Use a Venturi valve to achieve precise air volume control, saving 15% - 20% more energy compared with traditional air valves.

• Adopt the spiral - seamed air duct process, which reduces the frictional resistance by 15% compared with rectangular air ducts.

• Configure a differential pressure sensing alarm device, which will trigger a maintenance reminder when the dust - holding capacity of the filter reaches 80%.

• Implement the variable - frequency control + group control strategy, and a multi - fan parallel system can save 25% of electric energy.

 

Through the above technological innovations, modern industrial exhaust systems have achieved double breakthroughs in pollutant collection rate and energy utilization rate. It is recommended that enterprises establish a digital operation and maintenance platform to monitor the system operation status in real - time, ensure that the emission indicators continuously meet the standards, and provide basic guarantee for the construction of green factories.